The article presents a quantitative analysis of the association between body mass index (BMI) and colorectal cancer based on the results of 56 observational studies. The study, conducted by Ning Y., Wang L., and Giovannucci E.L., found a positive association between obesity and colorectal cancer, particularly in the colon and rectum. The strength of this association varies significantly across different studies and is less consistent for rectal cancer, especially in women. The variability may be due to differences in participant demographics or methodological factors. The study included 44 prospective and 14 retrospective studies from 56 independent populations, with a total of 7,180,133 participants and 80,333 cases of colorectal cancer. The relative risk (RR) for developing colorectal cancer increased with higher BMI categories, ranging from 1.14 for BMI 23.0–24.9 to 1.41 for BMI ≥30.0. Asian race and Pacific Islander women showed a more pronounced increase in risk compared to other racial groups. Each 5-unit increase in BMI was associated with an 18% increase in risk. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the association was more pronounced for rectal cancer in men compared to women and in studies adjusting for physical activity compared to those not adjusting. The exact mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. In another study, Li S., Shin H.J., Ding E.L., and van Dam R.M. reviewed the relationship between adiponectin levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adiponectin, a 244-amino acid collagen-like protein secreted by adipocytes, has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. The study included 13 prospective studies with 14,598 participants and 2,623 cases of T2D. Higher adiponectin levels were consistently associated with lower T2D risk, with an RR of 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.78) for every 100 μg/mL increase in adiponectin. This inverse relationship was observed in various populations, including Europeans, East Asians, Native Americans, Afro-Americans, and older Americans. The mechanisms by which adiponectin affects glucose metabolism involve its interaction with adiponectin receptors 1 and 2, which are involved in insulin signaling pathways. Experimental models and animal studies have demonstrated that disrupting these receptors can lead to insulin resistance and T2D. Adiponectin is considered a significant predictor of T2D, and its levels may be useful for predicting and preventing the disease. Further research is needed to determine the best ways to incorporate adiponectin into risk assessment and treatment strategies.The article presents a quantitative analysis of the association between body mass index (BMI) and colorectal cancer based on the results of 56 observational studies. The study, conducted by Ning Y., Wang L., and Giovannucci E.L., found a positive association between obesity and colorectal cancer, particularly in the colon and rectum. The strength of this association varies significantly across different studies and is less consistent for rectal cancer, especially in women. The variability may be due to differences in participant demographics or methodological factors. The study included 44 prospective and 14 retrospective studies from 56 independent populations, with a total of 7,180,133 participants and 80,333 cases of colorectal cancer. The relative risk (RR) for developing colorectal cancer increased with higher BMI categories, ranging from 1.14 for BMI 23.0–24.9 to 1.41 for BMI ≥30.0. Asian race and Pacific Islander women showed a more pronounced increase in risk compared to other racial groups. Each 5-unit increase in BMI was associated with an 18% increase in risk. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the association was more pronounced for rectal cancer in men compared to women and in studies adjusting for physical activity compared to those not adjusting. The exact mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. In another study, Li S., Shin H.J., Ding E.L., and van Dam R.M. reviewed the relationship between adiponectin levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adiponectin, a 244-amino acid collagen-like protein secreted by adipocytes, has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. The study included 13 prospective studies with 14,598 participants and 2,623 cases of T2D. Higher adiponectin levels were consistently associated with lower T2D risk, with an RR of 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.78) for every 100 μg/mL increase in adiponectin. This inverse relationship was observed in various populations, including Europeans, East Asians, Native Americans, Afro-Americans, and older Americans. The mechanisms by which adiponectin affects glucose metabolism involve its interaction with adiponectin receptors 1 and 2, which are involved in insulin signaling pathways. Experimental models and animal studies have demonstrated that disrupting these receptors can lead to insulin resistance and T2D. Adiponectin is considered a significant predictor of T2D, and its levels may be useful for predicting and preventing the disease. Further research is needed to determine the best ways to incorporate adiponectin into risk assessment and treatment strategies.