This review focuses on recent advancements in integrated strategies for biological wastewater treatment, emphasizing their mechanisms, benefits, challenges, and prospects. It highlights the integration of biological treatment with physical, chemical, and biological methods to enhance efficiency and effectiveness while contributing to the circular economy and environmental protection. The review discusses various biological treatment methods, such as bioremediation, electro-coagulation, electro-flocculation, electro-Fenton, advanced oxidation, electro-oxidation, bioelectrochemical systems, and photo-remediation, along with the role of conducting materials (CMs) in enhancing metabolic processes. The integration of these strategies with nanotechnology offers novel opportunities for improved waste remediation and resource valorization. The review also explores the potential applications of these integrated strategies in green energy production and resource recovery, particularly in the context of low-carbon fuel production. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of sustainable intervention, resource recovery, and the alignment with the principles of a circular economy and sustainable development goals (SDGs).This review focuses on recent advancements in integrated strategies for biological wastewater treatment, emphasizing their mechanisms, benefits, challenges, and prospects. It highlights the integration of biological treatment with physical, chemical, and biological methods to enhance efficiency and effectiveness while contributing to the circular economy and environmental protection. The review discusses various biological treatment methods, such as bioremediation, electro-coagulation, electro-flocculation, electro-Fenton, advanced oxidation, electro-oxidation, bioelectrochemical systems, and photo-remediation, along with the role of conducting materials (CMs) in enhancing metabolic processes. The integration of these strategies with nanotechnology offers novel opportunities for improved waste remediation and resource valorization. The review also explores the potential applications of these integrated strategies in green energy production and resource recovery, particularly in the context of low-carbon fuel production. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of sustainable intervention, resource recovery, and the alignment with the principles of a circular economy and sustainable development goals (SDGs).