The article reviews recent advancements in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the detection of mycotoxins in food and feed. SERS has shown promise in providing rapid, on-site detection of mycotoxins, but challenges remain in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The review highlights the importance of nanomaterial fabrication, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, to enhance SERS performance. Various nanostructures, such as silver and gold nanoparticles, have been explored for their plasmonic properties, which significantly enhance Raman scattering. Functionalization of these nanostructures with recognition elements and molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) improves selectivity and specificity. However, limited studies have established detection limits or conducted validation using naturally contaminated samples. The article also discusses ongoing challenges, including nanofabrication, molecular binders, and data analytics, and provides recommendations for improving the design, portability, and substrate stability of SERS-based detection systems. Despite these advancements, SERS still faces significant hurdles in achieving widespread adoption in the agri-food industry due to regulatory limits and end-user requirements.The article reviews recent advancements in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the detection of mycotoxins in food and feed. SERS has shown promise in providing rapid, on-site detection of mycotoxins, but challenges remain in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The review highlights the importance of nanomaterial fabrication, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, to enhance SERS performance. Various nanostructures, such as silver and gold nanoparticles, have been explored for their plasmonic properties, which significantly enhance Raman scattering. Functionalization of these nanostructures with recognition elements and molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) improves selectivity and specificity. However, limited studies have established detection limits or conducted validation using naturally contaminated samples. The article also discusses ongoing challenges, including nanofabrication, molecular binders, and data analytics, and provides recommendations for improving the design, portability, and substrate stability of SERS-based detection systems. Despite these advancements, SERS still faces significant hurdles in achieving widespread adoption in the agri-food industry due to regulatory limits and end-user requirements.