This review discusses the conversion of agricultural wastes and their by-products into biofuels and other valuable compounds for the energy market. Agricultural waste, including crop residues, animal residues, and hazardous waste, is a major source of lignocellulosic materials, which are composed of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. These materials can be converted into biofuels such as biogas, biomethane, biohydrogen, biodiesel, bioethanol, and biobutanol, as well as platform chemicals and other bioproducts. The paper highlights the importance of pretreatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, to enhance the efficiency of waste valorization. It also discusses the potential of agricultural waste for producing volatile fatty acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, biochar, hydrochar, cellulosic nanomaterials, and other valuable products. The review emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of utilizing agricultural waste for energy production, including reducing dependence on fossil fuels, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting sustainable resource use. The paper also explores the potential of biofuels and other recovered products in various applications, such as transportation, energy generation, and industrial processes. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in the production of biofuels, including the need for efficient pretreatment methods, the use of hybrid systems, and the integration of different technologies to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of waste-to-energy processes. The review concludes that agricultural waste represents a significant resource for the energy market, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels and contributing to the circular economy.This review discusses the conversion of agricultural wastes and their by-products into biofuels and other valuable compounds for the energy market. Agricultural waste, including crop residues, animal residues, and hazardous waste, is a major source of lignocellulosic materials, which are composed of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. These materials can be converted into biofuels such as biogas, biomethane, biohydrogen, biodiesel, bioethanol, and biobutanol, as well as platform chemicals and other bioproducts. The paper highlights the importance of pretreatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, to enhance the efficiency of waste valorization. It also discusses the potential of agricultural waste for producing volatile fatty acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, biochar, hydrochar, cellulosic nanomaterials, and other valuable products. The review emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of utilizing agricultural waste for energy production, including reducing dependence on fossil fuels, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting sustainable resource use. The paper also explores the potential of biofuels and other recovered products in various applications, such as transportation, energy generation, and industrial processes. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in the production of biofuels, including the need for efficient pretreatment methods, the use of hybrid systems, and the integration of different technologies to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of waste-to-energy processes. The review concludes that agricultural waste represents a significant resource for the energy market, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels and contributing to the circular economy.