This study examines the antecedents and behavior-problem correlates of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. The research is based on a prospective, longitudinal, multi-informant design involving 440 mothers and their 13-year-old children. Parenting data were collected during home visit interviews, and behavior problems (anxiety/depression and delinquent behavior) were assessed via mother, teacher, and adolescent reports at ages 8-10 and 13-14. Home-interview data from age 5 were used to measure antecedent parenting styles (harsh/reactive, positive/proactive), family background characteristics, and mother-rated child behavior problems. Key findings include: - **Monitoring**: Antecedents include proactive parenting styles and advantageous family background characteristics. Monitoring is associated with fewer delinquent behavior problems. - **Psychological Control**: Antecedents include harsh parenting and mothers' earlier reports of child externalizing problems. Psychological control is linked to more delinquent problems for girls and teens with low preadolescent delinquent problems, and more anxiety/depression for girls and teens with high preadolescent anxiety/depression. The study also explores the moderating effects of child gender and prior child adjustment on the relationships between parental control and adolescent adjustment. The results highlight the distinct antecedents of monitoring and psychological control, with proactive parenting and family background characteristics predicting monitoring, and harsh parenting and early child behavior problems predicting psychological control. These findings contribute to our understanding of the development of parental control and its impact on adolescent behavior and adjustment.This study examines the antecedents and behavior-problem correlates of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. The research is based on a prospective, longitudinal, multi-informant design involving 440 mothers and their 13-year-old children. Parenting data were collected during home visit interviews, and behavior problems (anxiety/depression and delinquent behavior) were assessed via mother, teacher, and adolescent reports at ages 8-10 and 13-14. Home-interview data from age 5 were used to measure antecedent parenting styles (harsh/reactive, positive/proactive), family background characteristics, and mother-rated child behavior problems. Key findings include: - **Monitoring**: Antecedents include proactive parenting styles and advantageous family background characteristics. Monitoring is associated with fewer delinquent behavior problems. - **Psychological Control**: Antecedents include harsh parenting and mothers' earlier reports of child externalizing problems. Psychological control is linked to more delinquent problems for girls and teens with low preadolescent delinquent problems, and more anxiety/depression for girls and teens with high preadolescent anxiety/depression. The study also explores the moderating effects of child gender and prior child adjustment on the relationships between parental control and adolescent adjustment. The results highlight the distinct antecedents of monitoring and psychological control, with proactive parenting and family background characteristics predicting monitoring, and harsh parenting and early child behavior problems predicting psychological control. These findings contribute to our understanding of the development of parental control and its impact on adolescent behavior and adjustment.