A population-based trial in Sweden evaluated the effectiveness of concomitant HPV vaccination and screening to reduce HPV and cervical cancer incidence. The study targeted women born between 1994 and 1999, with 26,125 (29.2%) participating between 2021 and 2022. HPV genotyping revealed a significant decline in HPV16 and 18 prevalence among vaccinated cohorts, while cross-protected types showed some decline, and non-vaccine-targeted types remained stable. Dynamic transmission modeling predicted a 62-64% reduction in high-risk HPV infections among the 1994-1998 cohorts within three years. Baseline results included HPV prevalence, validated transmission models, and power estimates for evaluating incidence reductions. The trial aimed to reduce HPV incidence by combining vaccination with screening, which could lead to faster cervical cancer elimination. The study demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy, with high participation rates and successful implementation. Results showed a marked decrease in HPV16 and 18 prevalence, with HPV18 nearing extinction in the 1999 cohort. The trial also highlighted the importance of population-based screening and vaccination for achieving HPV elimination. The study provided insights into the effectiveness of combined HPV vaccination and screening, supporting the global goal of cervical cancer elimination. The trial was conducted nationwide, with data collected from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry. The study's findings suggest that concomitant HPV vaccination and screening can significantly reduce HPV and cervical cancer incidence, contributing to the global effort to eliminate cervical cancer.A population-based trial in Sweden evaluated the effectiveness of concomitant HPV vaccination and screening to reduce HPV and cervical cancer incidence. The study targeted women born between 1994 and 1999, with 26,125 (29.2%) participating between 2021 and 2022. HPV genotyping revealed a significant decline in HPV16 and 18 prevalence among vaccinated cohorts, while cross-protected types showed some decline, and non-vaccine-targeted types remained stable. Dynamic transmission modeling predicted a 62-64% reduction in high-risk HPV infections among the 1994-1998 cohorts within three years. Baseline results included HPV prevalence, validated transmission models, and power estimates for evaluating incidence reductions. The trial aimed to reduce HPV incidence by combining vaccination with screening, which could lead to faster cervical cancer elimination. The study demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy, with high participation rates and successful implementation. Results showed a marked decrease in HPV16 and 18 prevalence, with HPV18 nearing extinction in the 1999 cohort. The trial also highlighted the importance of population-based screening and vaccination for achieving HPV elimination. The study provided insights into the effectiveness of combined HPV vaccination and screening, supporting the global goal of cervical cancer elimination. The trial was conducted nationwide, with data collected from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry. The study's findings suggest that concomitant HPV vaccination and screening can significantly reduce HPV and cervical cancer incidence, contributing to the global effort to eliminate cervical cancer.