This study investigates the association between heavy metal contamination in food and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Generalized Additive Model (GAM) software. The study focuses on rice, bread, and vegetables, which are commonly consumed in Hoveyzeh, Iran. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and others can enter the environment and food through various means, leading to bioaccumulation and potential health risks. The study involved 210 participants (105 controls and 105 patients) and measured the concentration of nine heavy metals in these foods and their urinary excretion. Key findings include: - Significant correlations were observed between urinary heavy metals and heavy metals in food, particularly for Cd, As, Pb, and Sr. - The GAM model revealed that the excretion of urinary Cd and As was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group, suggesting increased absorption and risk of CVD. - Urinary Pb levels were higher in the patient group, indicating Pb as a risk factor for CVD. - Urinary Sr levels were higher in the patient group, suggesting a synergistic effect of consuming vegetables, rice, and bread together, which reduces excretion and increases absorption. - Urinary Zn levels were higher in the patient group, suggesting a protective effect of Zn on the cardiovascular system. The study recommends that authorities in the Hoveyzeh region monitor rice cultivation to reduce heavy metal contamination and suggest cultivating vegetables away from roads and using lead-free fuel to minimize exposure. The study also highlights the need for further research on air, soil, water, blood, hair, and nails to better understand exposure pathways.This study investigates the association between heavy metal contamination in food and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Generalized Additive Model (GAM) software. The study focuses on rice, bread, and vegetables, which are commonly consumed in Hoveyzeh, Iran. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and others can enter the environment and food through various means, leading to bioaccumulation and potential health risks. The study involved 210 participants (105 controls and 105 patients) and measured the concentration of nine heavy metals in these foods and their urinary excretion. Key findings include: - Significant correlations were observed between urinary heavy metals and heavy metals in food, particularly for Cd, As, Pb, and Sr. - The GAM model revealed that the excretion of urinary Cd and As was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group, suggesting increased absorption and risk of CVD. - Urinary Pb levels were higher in the patient group, indicating Pb as a risk factor for CVD. - Urinary Sr levels were higher in the patient group, suggesting a synergistic effect of consuming vegetables, rice, and bread together, which reduces excretion and increases absorption. - Urinary Zn levels were higher in the patient group, suggesting a protective effect of Zn on the cardiovascular system. The study recommends that authorities in the Hoveyzeh region monitor rice cultivation to reduce heavy metal contamination and suggest cultivating vegetables away from roads and using lead-free fuel to minimize exposure. The study also highlights the need for further research on air, soil, water, blood, hair, and nails to better understand exposure pathways.