Cuproptosis is a recently identified form of cell death induced by imbalanced copper levels. This paper explores the mechanisms of copper-induced cell death, known as cuproptosis, and its potential health and disease implications, particularly in cancer therapy. Copper ionophores, such as elesclomol and disulfiram, increase intracellular copper levels, triggering oxidative stress and subsequent cell death, offering potential avenues for cancer therapy. Additionally, copper ionophores disrupt mitochondrial respiration and protein lipoylation, further contributing to copper toxicity and cell death. The paper discusses the role of copper in different cancers and the potential for targeted cancer therapies using copper nanomaterials, copper ionophores, and copper chelators. It also explores the physiological mechanisms of copper in diseases like Wilson and Menkes disease. The study of cuproptosis presents an opportunity to improve treatments for copper-related disorders and various cancers, with the potential to bring significant advancements to modern medicine.Cuproptosis is a recently identified form of cell death induced by imbalanced copper levels. This paper explores the mechanisms of copper-induced cell death, known as cuproptosis, and its potential health and disease implications, particularly in cancer therapy. Copper ionophores, such as elesclomol and disulfiram, increase intracellular copper levels, triggering oxidative stress and subsequent cell death, offering potential avenues for cancer therapy. Additionally, copper ionophores disrupt mitochondrial respiration and protein lipoylation, further contributing to copper toxicity and cell death. The paper discusses the role of copper in different cancers and the potential for targeted cancer therapies using copper nanomaterials, copper ionophores, and copper chelators. It also explores the physiological mechanisms of copper in diseases like Wilson and Menkes disease. The study of cuproptosis presents an opportunity to improve treatments for copper-related disorders and various cancers, with the potential to bring significant advancements to modern medicine.