A study involving 5279 children from the ECHO CREW Consortium found that early-life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution is associated with increased asthma risk in early and middle childhood. The study adjusted for individual and community-level factors, including maternal education, race, and neighborhood characteristics. Higher levels of PM2.5 and NO2 were linked to higher asthma incidence, particularly among Black children and those living in areas with higher population density and fewer opportunities. The associations were stronger in communities with lower socioeconomic status and higher proportions of Black residents. The study highlights the role of environmental factors in childhood asthma development, emphasizing the need for air pollution regulation and environmental equity to reduce asthma risk. The findings suggest that early-life pollution exposure contributes to asthma development, with greater risk among disadvantaged populations. The study underscores the importance of addressing both environmental and social determinants of health to mitigate asthma risk in the US.A study involving 5279 children from the ECHO CREW Consortium found that early-life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution is associated with increased asthma risk in early and middle childhood. The study adjusted for individual and community-level factors, including maternal education, race, and neighborhood characteristics. Higher levels of PM2.5 and NO2 were linked to higher asthma incidence, particularly among Black children and those living in areas with higher population density and fewer opportunities. The associations were stronger in communities with lower socioeconomic status and higher proportions of Black residents. The study highlights the role of environmental factors in childhood asthma development, emphasizing the need for air pollution regulation and environmental equity to reduce asthma risk. The findings suggest that early-life pollution exposure contributes to asthma development, with greater risk among disadvantaged populations. The study underscores the importance of addressing both environmental and social determinants of health to mitigate asthma risk in the US.