Won-Chung Kim's article "Eating and Suffering in Han Kang’s *The Vegetarian*” explores how Han Kang investigates suffering through the theme of food and eating. The novel *The Vegetarian* delves into what constitutes suffering and the role of carno-phallocentric thinking in it. Suffering in the novel is portrayed as a psychological, physical, and spiritual effect of dietary resistance to male-dominated Korean society. The protagonist, Yeong-hye, undergoes severe disintegration of her personhood as a woman and a vegetarian, her refusal to eat meat leading to physical pain and intense psychological and spiritual distress. The article draws on theories of suffering from Eric Cassell, Emmanuel Levinas, and others to analyze Yeong-hye's suffering, which is characterized by its disturbing nature, passivity, and pure undergoing. Yeong-hye's suffering is also linked to trauma and the disruption of relationships, as she is isolated and ostracized by society for her dietary choices. The novel challenges binaries such as assailant/victim and woman/vegetarian, and explores the intersection of animal and human suffering in a meat-eating culture. Yeong-hye's journey from a meat-eater to a vegetarian and eventually to anorexia reflects her struggle to escape the violent structure of our eating habits and to transform herself from a being that consumes other beings to one that provides food for them. Her suffering serves as a moral claim, prompting readers to reflect on the implications of meat-eating and the violence inherent in our dietary choices.Won-Chung Kim's article "Eating and Suffering in Han Kang’s *The Vegetarian*” explores how Han Kang investigates suffering through the theme of food and eating. The novel *The Vegetarian* delves into what constitutes suffering and the role of carno-phallocentric thinking in it. Suffering in the novel is portrayed as a psychological, physical, and spiritual effect of dietary resistance to male-dominated Korean society. The protagonist, Yeong-hye, undergoes severe disintegration of her personhood as a woman and a vegetarian, her refusal to eat meat leading to physical pain and intense psychological and spiritual distress. The article draws on theories of suffering from Eric Cassell, Emmanuel Levinas, and others to analyze Yeong-hye's suffering, which is characterized by its disturbing nature, passivity, and pure undergoing. Yeong-hye's suffering is also linked to trauma and the disruption of relationships, as she is isolated and ostracized by society for her dietary choices. The novel challenges binaries such as assailant/victim and woman/vegetarian, and explores the intersection of animal and human suffering in a meat-eating culture. Yeong-hye's journey from a meat-eater to a vegetarian and eventually to anorexia reflects her struggle to escape the violent structure of our eating habits and to transform herself from a being that consumes other beings to one that provides food for them. Her suffering serves as a moral claim, prompting readers to reflect on the implications of meat-eating and the violence inherent in our dietary choices.