This review article examines the environmental pollution indices and the concentration of heavy metals in air, water, and soil near industrialization and urbanization. It highlights the increasing levels of heavy metal contamination due to industrial waste, geochemical shifts, agriculture, and mining. The article discusses the potential health hazards of heavy metals, such as cancer, and emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring to assess the impact of industrial production and mining on heavy metal levels in nearby areas. The review also covers the nature, origin, and extent of heavy metal contamination, and introduces various indices used to evaluate geochemical accumulation and pollution intensities in soil and sediment. The article further explores the sources of environmental pollution, including energy generation, manufacturing, and consumption, and provides policy suggestions for mitigating pollution and promoting sustainable development. Finally, it concludes by emphasizing the global nature of the problem and the need for international cooperation to address environmental degradation.This review article examines the environmental pollution indices and the concentration of heavy metals in air, water, and soil near industrialization and urbanization. It highlights the increasing levels of heavy metal contamination due to industrial waste, geochemical shifts, agriculture, and mining. The article discusses the potential health hazards of heavy metals, such as cancer, and emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring to assess the impact of industrial production and mining on heavy metal levels in nearby areas. The review also covers the nature, origin, and extent of heavy metal contamination, and introduces various indices used to evaluate geochemical accumulation and pollution intensities in soil and sediment. The article further explores the sources of environmental pollution, including energy generation, manufacturing, and consumption, and provides policy suggestions for mitigating pollution and promoting sustainable development. Finally, it concludes by emphasizing the global nature of the problem and the need for international cooperation to address environmental degradation.