A systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 studies found that physical exercise improves cognitive function in adults over 50, regardless of their baseline cognitive status. The analysis included aerobic exercise, resistance training, multicomponent training, and tai chi, all of which showed significant benefits. Exercise interventions lasting 45–60 minutes with moderate to vigorous intensity were most effective. The study also found that tai chi and resistance training had specific benefits for executive function, memory, and working memory. The results were consistent across different cognitive domains and study designs. The meta-analysis suggests that combining aerobic and resistance training, with at least moderate intensity, is beneficial for cognitive function in older adults. The findings indicate that physical exercise is an effective intervention for improving cognitive function in this age group, and that clinicians should recommend such exercises to patients. The study highlights the importance of exercise prescription, including duration, intensity, and frequency, in optimizing cognitive benefits. The review also notes the need for further research to confirm the effectiveness of non-traditional exercises like tai chi and yoga. Overall, the study provides strong evidence that physical exercise can enhance cognitive function in older adults, supporting current exercise guidelines.A systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 studies found that physical exercise improves cognitive function in adults over 50, regardless of their baseline cognitive status. The analysis included aerobic exercise, resistance training, multicomponent training, and tai chi, all of which showed significant benefits. Exercise interventions lasting 45–60 minutes with moderate to vigorous intensity were most effective. The study also found that tai chi and resistance training had specific benefits for executive function, memory, and working memory. The results were consistent across different cognitive domains and study designs. The meta-analysis suggests that combining aerobic and resistance training, with at least moderate intensity, is beneficial for cognitive function in older adults. The findings indicate that physical exercise is an effective intervention for improving cognitive function in this age group, and that clinicians should recommend such exercises to patients. The study highlights the importance of exercise prescription, including duration, intensity, and frequency, in optimizing cognitive benefits. The review also notes the need for further research to confirm the effectiveness of non-traditional exercises like tai chi and yoga. Overall, the study provides strong evidence that physical exercise can enhance cognitive function in older adults, supporting current exercise guidelines.