This article reviews the use of eye tracking technology to study attentional biases in anxiety and depression, evaluating experimental paradigms and eye movement indicators. A meta-analysis of 33 experiments (N = 1579) on anxiety and depression is conducted to assess the implications of existing eye tracking research. Results show that anxious individuals exhibit increased vigilance for threat during free viewing and visual search tasks, but struggle to disengage from threat in visual search tasks. In contrast, depressed individuals show reduced orienting to positive stimuli and reduced maintenance of gaze on positive stimuli, while maintaining increased maintenance of gaze on dysphoric stimuli. The findings have implications for theoretical accounts of attentional bias in anxiety and depression, and suggest future research directions using eye-tracking technology.This article reviews the use of eye tracking technology to study attentional biases in anxiety and depression, evaluating experimental paradigms and eye movement indicators. A meta-analysis of 33 experiments (N = 1579) on anxiety and depression is conducted to assess the implications of existing eye tracking research. Results show that anxious individuals exhibit increased vigilance for threat during free viewing and visual search tasks, but struggle to disengage from threat in visual search tasks. In contrast, depressed individuals show reduced orienting to positive stimuli and reduced maintenance of gaze on positive stimuli, while maintaining increased maintenance of gaze on dysphoric stimuli. The findings have implications for theoretical accounts of attentional bias in anxiety and depression, and suggest future research directions using eye-tracking technology.