The article by Brett W. Pelham and William B. Swann, Jr., from the University of Texas at Austin, explores the sources and structure of global self-esteem. They identify three key factors that contribute to people's global self-esteem: (a) their experiences of positive and negative affective states, (b) their specific self-views (conceptions of their strengths and weaknesses), and (c) how they frame their self-views. The framing factors include the relative certainty and importance of positive versus negative self-views and the discrepancy between actual and ideal self-views. The importance of self-views to global self-esteem is qualified in two ways: it only contributes to the self-esteem of those who perceive few talents and those who highly certify their positive self-views. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for both theoretical and therapeutic contexts. They argue that self-esteem is not simply a product of cognitive calculations but is influenced by affective factors and the way individuals frame their self-views. The study also highlights the importance of measuring both specific self-views and the framing of these views, as they can have different impacts on self-esteem. The findings suggest that self-esteem is multiply determined and complex, involving both cognitive and affective components. This has implications for cognitive therapies aimed at improving self-esteem, emphasizing the need to address both cognitive and affective aspects. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of an integrative, idiographic approach to understanding the self, integrating social, developmental, and personality perspectives.The article by Brett W. Pelham and William B. Swann, Jr., from the University of Texas at Austin, explores the sources and structure of global self-esteem. They identify three key factors that contribute to people's global self-esteem: (a) their experiences of positive and negative affective states, (b) their specific self-views (conceptions of their strengths and weaknesses), and (c) how they frame their self-views. The framing factors include the relative certainty and importance of positive versus negative self-views and the discrepancy between actual and ideal self-views. The importance of self-views to global self-esteem is qualified in two ways: it only contributes to the self-esteem of those who perceive few talents and those who highly certify their positive self-views. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for both theoretical and therapeutic contexts. They argue that self-esteem is not simply a product of cognitive calculations but is influenced by affective factors and the way individuals frame their self-views. The study also highlights the importance of measuring both specific self-views and the framing of these views, as they can have different impacts on self-esteem. The findings suggest that self-esteem is multiply determined and complex, involving both cognitive and affective components. This has implications for cognitive therapies aimed at improving self-esteem, emphasizing the need to address both cognitive and affective aspects. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of an integrative, idiographic approach to understanding the self, integrating social, developmental, and personality perspectives.