This study estimates the global burden of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in children under five years old from 2010 to 2050 and assesses the potential lives saved through different health interventions. The researchers used national SCA frequencies and projected demographic data to calculate that the number of newborns with SCA will increase from about 305,800 in 2010 to about 404,200 in 2050. Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and India are expected to account for a significant proportion of these cases. The implementation of prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening programs, and interventions such as antibiotics and vaccinations could reduce excess mortality and save millions of lives. The study highlights the need for public health policies and funding, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to address the increasing global burden of SCA.This study estimates the global burden of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in children under five years old from 2010 to 2050 and assesses the potential lives saved through different health interventions. The researchers used national SCA frequencies and projected demographic data to calculate that the number of newborns with SCA will increase from about 305,800 in 2010 to about 404,200 in 2050. Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and India are expected to account for a significant proportion of these cases. The implementation of prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening programs, and interventions such as antibiotics and vaccinations could reduce excess mortality and save millions of lives. The study highlights the need for public health policies and funding, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to address the increasing global burden of SCA.