The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a comprehensive assessment of the global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. The study uses a systematic approach to estimate incidence, prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Key findings include: 1. **Global Health Trends**: Global health has improved over the past 30 years, as measured by age-standardized DALY rates. The absolute number of DALYs has remained stable after accounting for population growth and ageing. 2. **Age-Specific Trends**: The pace of decline in global age-standardized DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared to the 1990–2010 period, with the greatest annualized rate of decline in the 0–9-year age group. 3. **Top Causes of DALYs**: - **Children (Under 10 Years)**: Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in this age group, including lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria, meningitis, whooping cough, and sexually transmitted infections. - **Adolescents (10–24 Years)**: Three injury causes—road injuries, self-harm, and interpersonal violence—were among the top causes of DALYs. - **Adulthood (10–24, 25–49, 50–74, 75+ Years)**: A mix of infectious, non-communicable, and injury causes contributed to the burden, with a shift towards a larger proportion of the burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. 4. **Socio-demographic Index (SDI)**: The proportion of DALYs attributed to non-communicable disease and injury YLDs increased with higher SDI, with 11 countries having more than half of their disease burden from these causes. 5. **National Trends**: Countries at lower SDI levels have seen more rapid improvements in age-standardized DALY rates, while those with higher SDI have seen stagnation or reversal of progress. 6. **Cause-Specific Trends**: Notable exceptions include a sharp rise in deaths due to drug use disorders and a rapid decline in chronic hepatitis C cases in Egypt due to screening and treatment programs. The study highlights the importance of understanding how ageing shapes future health needs and the need for continued investment in research and development to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases and injuries.The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a comprehensive assessment of the global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. The study uses a systematic approach to estimate incidence, prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Key findings include: 1. **Global Health Trends**: Global health has improved over the past 30 years, as measured by age-standardized DALY rates. The absolute number of DALYs has remained stable after accounting for population growth and ageing. 2. **Age-Specific Trends**: The pace of decline in global age-standardized DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared to the 1990–2010 period, with the greatest annualized rate of decline in the 0–9-year age group. 3. **Top Causes of DALYs**: - **Children (Under 10 Years)**: Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in this age group, including lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria, meningitis, whooping cough, and sexually transmitted infections. - **Adolescents (10–24 Years)**: Three injury causes—road injuries, self-harm, and interpersonal violence—were among the top causes of DALYs. - **Adulthood (10–24, 25–49, 50–74, 75+ Years)**: A mix of infectious, non-communicable, and injury causes contributed to the burden, with a shift towards a larger proportion of the burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. 4. **Socio-demographic Index (SDI)**: The proportion of DALYs attributed to non-communicable disease and injury YLDs increased with higher SDI, with 11 countries having more than half of their disease burden from these causes. 5. **National Trends**: Countries at lower SDI levels have seen more rapid improvements in age-standardized DALY rates, while those with higher SDI have seen stagnation or reversal of progress. 6. **Cause-Specific Trends**: Notable exceptions include a sharp rise in deaths due to drug use disorders and a rapid decline in chronic hepatitis C cases in Egypt due to screening and treatment programs. The study highlights the importance of understanding how ageing shapes future health needs and the need for continued investment in research and development to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases and injuries.