The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 provides updated estimates of the global prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for low back pain (LBP) from 1990 to 2017. The age-standardized point prevalence of LBP decreased slightly from 8.20% in 1990 to 7.50% in 2017, while the number of people with LBP increased from 377.5 million to 577.0 million. LBP prevalence was higher in females than males and increased with age, peaking around 80-89 years. Global YLDs for LBP increased from 42.5 million in 1990 to 64.9 million in 2017, with higher rates in females and a peak in the 35-39 age group in 1990 and 45-49 in 2017. Western Europe had the highest number of LBP YLDs. LBP remains the leading cause of YLDs globally, highlighting the need for increased attention to address this growing burden. The study used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2017, including updated methods and data sources, to estimate prevalence and YLDs. Despite improvements, limitations include reliance on models and variability in case definitions. The findings emphasize the importance of integrated approaches to address LBP, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The study underscores the need for policy action to reduce the impact of LBP on health and social systems.The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 provides updated estimates of the global prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for low back pain (LBP) from 1990 to 2017. The age-standardized point prevalence of LBP decreased slightly from 8.20% in 1990 to 7.50% in 2017, while the number of people with LBP increased from 377.5 million to 577.0 million. LBP prevalence was higher in females than males and increased with age, peaking around 80-89 years. Global YLDs for LBP increased from 42.5 million in 1990 to 64.9 million in 2017, with higher rates in females and a peak in the 35-39 age group in 1990 and 45-49 in 2017. Western Europe had the highest number of LBP YLDs. LBP remains the leading cause of YLDs globally, highlighting the need for increased attention to address this growing burden. The study used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2017, including updated methods and data sources, to estimate prevalence and YLDs. Despite improvements, limitations include reliance on models and variability in case definitions. The findings emphasize the importance of integrated approaches to address LBP, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The study underscores the need for policy action to reduce the impact of LBP on health and social systems.