Hybrid rice production has become a critical solution to meet the global demand for food, particularly in rice-dependent regions. This review highlights the importance of floral traits and breeding technologies in enhancing hybrid rice production, with a special focus on China. Hybrid rice, developed through the cross-pollination of male sterile and maintainer lines, has significantly increased rice yields and improved food security. Key floral traits, such as stigma exsertion, spikelet opening angle, and pollen longevity, play a crucial role in cross-pollination and hybrid seed production. Recent advances in breeding technologies, including genomic selection, marker-assisted selection, and gene editing, have enabled more efficient and precise breeding of high-yielding hybrid rice varieties. The development of molecular markers, such as KASP, has facilitated the identification of genomic regions linked to important floral traits, improving the efficiency of hybrid seed production. Additionally, the use of transgenic technology has enhanced floral traits, such as stigma exsertion and pollen viability, which are essential for successful hybrid rice production. Despite these advancements, challenges such as maintaining genetic purity, high seed costs, and limited genetic diversity remain. The integration of traditional breeding methods with modern biotechnological approaches is essential for overcoming these challenges and ensuring the sustainability of hybrid rice production. The review also discusses the role of QTL mapping and GWAS in identifying genetic factors influencing floral traits, which can be used to improve hybrid rice varieties. Overall, the continuous development of hybrid rice breeding technologies is vital for addressing global food security and meeting the increasing demand for rice.Hybrid rice production has become a critical solution to meet the global demand for food, particularly in rice-dependent regions. This review highlights the importance of floral traits and breeding technologies in enhancing hybrid rice production, with a special focus on China. Hybrid rice, developed through the cross-pollination of male sterile and maintainer lines, has significantly increased rice yields and improved food security. Key floral traits, such as stigma exsertion, spikelet opening angle, and pollen longevity, play a crucial role in cross-pollination and hybrid seed production. Recent advances in breeding technologies, including genomic selection, marker-assisted selection, and gene editing, have enabled more efficient and precise breeding of high-yielding hybrid rice varieties. The development of molecular markers, such as KASP, has facilitated the identification of genomic regions linked to important floral traits, improving the efficiency of hybrid seed production. Additionally, the use of transgenic technology has enhanced floral traits, such as stigma exsertion and pollen viability, which are essential for successful hybrid rice production. Despite these advancements, challenges such as maintaining genetic purity, high seed costs, and limited genetic diversity remain. The integration of traditional breeding methods with modern biotechnological approaches is essential for overcoming these challenges and ensuring the sustainability of hybrid rice production. The review also discusses the role of QTL mapping and GWAS in identifying genetic factors influencing floral traits, which can be used to improve hybrid rice varieties. Overall, the continuous development of hybrid rice breeding technologies is vital for addressing global food security and meeting the increasing demand for rice.