1990 | Steinunn Baekkeskov, Henk-Jan Aanstoot, Stephan Christgau, Annette Reetz, Michele Solimena, Marilia Casalino, Franco Folli, Hanne Richter-Olesen & Pietro De Camilli
The claret motor protein, a microtubule-based motor, exhibits rotational movement similar to that of 14S axonemal dynein. Microtubules grown from dissociated outer doublet fragments rotate clockwise when viewed from their minus ends, completing a full rotation every 6.1 ± 2.6 seconds of forward movement. For every 1 μm of forward movement, there are 3.3 ± 1.3 rotations. The claret motor can continue moving forward even if rotation is obstructed by a glass surface. Its rotational behavior is similar to that of dynein, suggesting it may generate torque. The claret motor is sensitive to inhibitors that affect cytoplasmic dynein, and its movement is blocked by vanadate, NEM, and AMP-PNP, but not by lower concentrations of AMP-PNP. The claret motor's directionality, despite its 40–45% sequence identity to kinesin, suggests it may be a minus-end directed motor. This is supported by its sensitivity to inhibitors and ability to generate torque, which are more typical of dynein. The claret motor's movement rate (4 μm min⁻¹) is close to the rate of chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis. The claret motor may be localized to kinetochores and act to pull chromosomes toward the minus ends of microtubules during prometaphase and anaphase. The name of one of the authors was incorrectly hyphenated in the published version. The claret motor protein is a minus-end translocator, suggesting it could be involved in chromosome movement. The paper also includes guidelines for authors submitting to Nature, including formatting, word limits, and structure requirements for different types of articles.The claret motor protein, a microtubule-based motor, exhibits rotational movement similar to that of 14S axonemal dynein. Microtubules grown from dissociated outer doublet fragments rotate clockwise when viewed from their minus ends, completing a full rotation every 6.1 ± 2.6 seconds of forward movement. For every 1 μm of forward movement, there are 3.3 ± 1.3 rotations. The claret motor can continue moving forward even if rotation is obstructed by a glass surface. Its rotational behavior is similar to that of dynein, suggesting it may generate torque. The claret motor is sensitive to inhibitors that affect cytoplasmic dynein, and its movement is blocked by vanadate, NEM, and AMP-PNP, but not by lower concentrations of AMP-PNP. The claret motor's directionality, despite its 40–45% sequence identity to kinesin, suggests it may be a minus-end directed motor. This is supported by its sensitivity to inhibitors and ability to generate torque, which are more typical of dynein. The claret motor's movement rate (4 μm min⁻¹) is close to the rate of chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis. The claret motor may be localized to kinetochores and act to pull chromosomes toward the minus ends of microtubules during prometaphase and anaphase. The name of one of the authors was incorrectly hyphenated in the published version. The claret motor protein is a minus-end translocator, suggesting it could be involved in chromosome movement. The paper also includes guidelines for authors submitting to Nature, including formatting, word limits, and structure requirements for different types of articles.