The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health worldwide, leading to a high prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic review of 19 studies conducted in various countries found that the general population experienced moderate to severe psychological distress, with higher rates among females, younger individuals, students, and those with chronic illnesses. Risk factors include unemployment, frequent exposure to social media/news about COVID-19, and poor economic status. Protective factors include timely and accurate information dissemination, proactive preventive measures, and access to mental health services. The review highlights the need for comprehensive policies and individual efforts to address mental health issues during the pandemic.The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health worldwide, leading to a high prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic review of 19 studies conducted in various countries found that the general population experienced moderate to severe psychological distress, with higher rates among females, younger individuals, students, and those with chronic illnesses. Risk factors include unemployment, frequent exposure to social media/news about COVID-19, and poor economic status. Protective factors include timely and accurate information dissemination, proactive preventive measures, and access to mental health services. The review highlights the need for comprehensive policies and individual efforts to address mental health issues during the pandemic.