This paper compares the technical aspects of producing kerosene from power-derived syngas using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and methanol pathways. The study aims to provide a detailed technical analysis to support economic and environmental assessments of these processes. Key findings include: 1. **Carbon Efficiency**: - The FT pathway achieves a very high carbon efficiency (98-99%) for total liquid products, with kerosene efficiency ranging from 60 to 77%. - The methanol pathway can achieve higher kerosene carbon efficiency (60-90%), but the total product efficiency (74-92%) is lower. 2. **Energy Efficiency**: - Both pathways have similar energy efficiencies to carbon efficiency, with the methanol pathway benefiting from thermodynamic advantages, leading to higher energy efficiency at equal carbon efficiency. 3. **Process Parameters**: - For the FT pathway, high chain growth probabilities increase kerosene efficiency, while high olefin-selectivity is crucial for efficient kerosene production in the methanol pathway. - Parameter variations, such as chain growth probability and olefin-selectivity, significantly impact carbon and energy efficiency, indicating uncertainties and optimal ranges for optimized kerosene production. 4. **System Boundaries**: - The analysis focuses on synthesis and downstream processes, considering H2 and CO2 as feedstocks. The target product is synthetic kerosene, and subsequent refining, logistics, or blending steps are not included in the system boundaries. 5. **Methodology**: - The study uses steady-state flowsheet simulations to determine mass and energy flows, with parameter variations to assess sensitivities and uncertainties. 6. **Results**: - The FT pathway has a higher kerosene carbon efficiency (72%) compared to the methanol pathway (76%), with the latter achieving a higher total product carbon efficiency (85%). - The FT pathway's energy efficiency is 49% for kerosene, while the methanol pathway's is 90%. 7. **Conclusion**: - The FT pathway is more efficient in terms of kerosene carbon efficiency, while the methanol pathway offers higher total product efficiency. The study provides insights into the technical behavior of these processes, contributing to a better understanding of their production pathways.This paper compares the technical aspects of producing kerosene from power-derived syngas using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and methanol pathways. The study aims to provide a detailed technical analysis to support economic and environmental assessments of these processes. Key findings include: 1. **Carbon Efficiency**: - The FT pathway achieves a very high carbon efficiency (98-99%) for total liquid products, with kerosene efficiency ranging from 60 to 77%. - The methanol pathway can achieve higher kerosene carbon efficiency (60-90%), but the total product efficiency (74-92%) is lower. 2. **Energy Efficiency**: - Both pathways have similar energy efficiencies to carbon efficiency, with the methanol pathway benefiting from thermodynamic advantages, leading to higher energy efficiency at equal carbon efficiency. 3. **Process Parameters**: - For the FT pathway, high chain growth probabilities increase kerosene efficiency, while high olefin-selectivity is crucial for efficient kerosene production in the methanol pathway. - Parameter variations, such as chain growth probability and olefin-selectivity, significantly impact carbon and energy efficiency, indicating uncertainties and optimal ranges for optimized kerosene production. 4. **System Boundaries**: - The analysis focuses on synthesis and downstream processes, considering H2 and CO2 as feedstocks. The target product is synthetic kerosene, and subsequent refining, logistics, or blending steps are not included in the system boundaries. 5. **Methodology**: - The study uses steady-state flowsheet simulations to determine mass and energy flows, with parameter variations to assess sensitivities and uncertainties. 6. **Results**: - The FT pathway has a higher kerosene carbon efficiency (72%) compared to the methanol pathway (76%), with the latter achieving a higher total product carbon efficiency (85%). - The FT pathway's energy efficiency is 49% for kerosene, while the methanol pathway's is 90%. 7. **Conclusion**: - The FT pathway is more efficient in terms of kerosene carbon efficiency, while the methanol pathway offers higher total product efficiency. The study provides insights into the technical behavior of these processes, contributing to a better understanding of their production pathways.