The article discusses the challenges and strategies for respiratory virus surveillance as countries transition out of the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the need for integrated surveillance systems that monitor SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and other respiratory pathogens. The authors emphasize the importance of reviewing and adjusting existing surveillance practices to ensure their continued value for public health. They address key challenges, such as measuring the clinical burden of multiple circulating respiratory pathogens, monitoring community infection levels, assessing key biological quantities, and quantifying changes in epidemiological dynamics. The article also explores the role of serologic data in understanding population immunity and the need for long-term projections of epidemic seasons. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of optimizing individual components of surveillance systems and identifying synergies and redundancies to support public health objectives and preparedness for future pandemics.The article discusses the challenges and strategies for respiratory virus surveillance as countries transition out of the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the need for integrated surveillance systems that monitor SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and other respiratory pathogens. The authors emphasize the importance of reviewing and adjusting existing surveillance practices to ensure their continued value for public health. They address key challenges, such as measuring the clinical burden of multiple circulating respiratory pathogens, monitoring community infection levels, assessing key biological quantities, and quantifying changes in epidemiological dynamics. The article also explores the role of serologic data in understanding population immunity and the need for long-term projections of epidemic seasons. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of optimizing individual components of surveillance systems and identifying synergies and redundancies to support public health objectives and preparedness for future pandemics.