This review explores the mechanisms of plant epigenetic regulation in response to stress, highlighting recent discoveries and their implications for agriculture and environmental sustainability. Plant stress is a significant challenge affecting development, growth, and productivity, and epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in plant stress responses. Key mechanisms include DNA methylation (DM), histone modifications (HM), small RNA-mediated gene silencing, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Recent studies have revealed that these mechanisms can lead to long-term alterations in gene expression and chromatin structure, enhancing plant stress tolerance. Epigenetic memory, where plants retain stress-induced modifications across generations, is also discussed. The review emphasizes the potential of epigenetic regulation in improving crop yield, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. By understanding and manipulating epigenetic processes, researchers can develop strategies to enhance stress tolerance in crops, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security. The review also discusses the implications of epigenetic regulation for precision agriculture, climate change adaptation, and biodiversity conservation.This review explores the mechanisms of plant epigenetic regulation in response to stress, highlighting recent discoveries and their implications for agriculture and environmental sustainability. Plant stress is a significant challenge affecting development, growth, and productivity, and epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in plant stress responses. Key mechanisms include DNA methylation (DM), histone modifications (HM), small RNA-mediated gene silencing, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Recent studies have revealed that these mechanisms can lead to long-term alterations in gene expression and chromatin structure, enhancing plant stress tolerance. Epigenetic memory, where plants retain stress-induced modifications across generations, is also discussed. The review emphasizes the potential of epigenetic regulation in improving crop yield, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. By understanding and manipulating epigenetic processes, researchers can develop strategies to enhance stress tolerance in crops, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security. The review also discusses the implications of epigenetic regulation for precision agriculture, climate change adaptation, and biodiversity conservation.