The study investigates the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a county emergency hospital in Romania. Over a one-year period, 160 bacterial strains and six fungal strains were isolated from patients diagnosed with sepsis. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate (38.7%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (20.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%). Gram-positive cocci were rarely isolated. Most of the bacteria isolated were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, with Klebsiella pneumoniae showing the highest resistance profile, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), MDR, XDR, and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains. The study highlights the significant challenge posed by MDR bacteria in ICUs, particularly in the context of ventilator-associated pneumonia and other nosocomial infections. The findings underscore the need for enhanced infection control measures and improved antibiotic stewardship to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.The study investigates the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a county emergency hospital in Romania. Over a one-year period, 160 bacterial strains and six fungal strains were isolated from patients diagnosed with sepsis. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate (38.7%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (20.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%). Gram-positive cocci were rarely isolated. Most of the bacteria isolated were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, with Klebsiella pneumoniae showing the highest resistance profile, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), MDR, XDR, and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains. The study highlights the significant challenge posed by MDR bacteria in ICUs, particularly in the context of ventilator-associated pneumonia and other nosocomial infections. The findings underscore the need for enhanced infection control measures and improved antibiotic stewardship to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.