The article reviews recent advancements in addressing challenges and implementing strategies for manganese dioxide (MnO₂) cathodes in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). MnO₂-based cathodes are promising due to their high operating voltage, charge storage capacity, and eco-friendliness. However, they face critical challenges such as structural instability, manganese dissolution, and low conductivity. The review focuses on the charge storage mechanisms of MnO₂-based AZIBs, including the insertion/deposition mechanism, co-insertion/deposition mechanism, conversion reaction mechanism, and dissolution-deposition mechanism. It also discusses current optimization strategies, such as nanostructure design, interlayer adjustment, defect engineering, surface modification, and electrolyte regulation. The article highlights the importance of understanding the complex charge storage mechanisms and the need for further research to improve the performance of MnO₂-based cathodes in AZIBs.The article reviews recent advancements in addressing challenges and implementing strategies for manganese dioxide (MnO₂) cathodes in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). MnO₂-based cathodes are promising due to their high operating voltage, charge storage capacity, and eco-friendliness. However, they face critical challenges such as structural instability, manganese dissolution, and low conductivity. The review focuses on the charge storage mechanisms of MnO₂-based AZIBs, including the insertion/deposition mechanism, co-insertion/deposition mechanism, conversion reaction mechanism, and dissolution-deposition mechanism. It also discusses current optimization strategies, such as nanostructure design, interlayer adjustment, defect engineering, surface modification, and electrolyte regulation. The article highlights the importance of understanding the complex charge storage mechanisms and the need for further research to improve the performance of MnO₂-based cathodes in AZIBs.