This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the current state of distributed quantum computing (DQC), exploring its foundational principles, achievements, challenges, and future research directions. DQC aims to enhance computational power by integrating multiple quantum processors, addressing the limitations of classical computing and standalone quantum systems. The paper discusses the importance of entanglement in DQC, including quantum teleportation, entanglement swapping, and quantum gate teleportation. It also covers the development of quantum transducers, quantum memories, quantum repeaters, and entanglement routers and switches. The paper reviews various network architectures and protocols for DQC, such as point-to-point, bus, Quantum Local Area Network (QLAN), and Quantum Wide Area Network (QWAN). Additionally, it highlights the role of classical communications in DQC and the need for resource reservation strategies in quantum networks. The review aims to provide an exhaustive overview for both experienced researchers and newcomers to the field.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the current state of distributed quantum computing (DQC), exploring its foundational principles, achievements, challenges, and future research directions. DQC aims to enhance computational power by integrating multiple quantum processors, addressing the limitations of classical computing and standalone quantum systems. The paper discusses the importance of entanglement in DQC, including quantum teleportation, entanglement swapping, and quantum gate teleportation. It also covers the development of quantum transducers, quantum memories, quantum repeaters, and entanglement routers and switches. The paper reviews various network architectures and protocols for DQC, such as point-to-point, bus, Quantum Local Area Network (QLAN), and Quantum Wide Area Network (QWAN). Additionally, it highlights the role of classical communications in DQC and the need for resource reservation strategies in quantum networks. The review aims to provide an exhaustive overview for both experienced researchers and newcomers to the field.