The Diabetes Intervention Study (DIS) is a prospective, population-based, multicenter trial of newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This study analyzed risk factors for coronary heart disease and all-cause death over an 11-year follow-up period. The study included 1139 subjects aged 30–55 years with newly diagnosed NIDDM, classified as diet-controlled after a 6-week screening phase. During the follow-up, 112 patients (15.2%) suffered from myocardial infarction (MI), and 197 (19.82%) died. The odds ratio for all-cause mortality compared to the general population was 5.1 for males aged 36–45 years and 7.0 for females. Multivariate analysis identified age, blood pressure, and smoking as independent risk factors for MI, while male sex, age, blood pressure, triglycerides, postprandial blood glucose, and smoking were significant predictors of death. The categories of the NIDDM Policy Group for blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure were significant predictors of both CHD and death. Good control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and triglycerides was associated with a lower incidence of CHD and mortality. The study also evaluated the prognostic significance of the NIDDM Policy Group categories. The incidence of MI and mortality was higher in poorly controlled patients. Postprandial blood glucose and blood pressure were significant predictors of MI and death. Triglyceride levels were an independent risk factor for MI. The study found that poor glycaemic control and postprandial hyperglycaemia were independent risk factors for death. The results suggest that the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia, contributes significantly to the risk of MI and death in NIDDM patients. The study also highlights the importance of strict postprandial blood glucose control. The findings indicate that the NIDDM Policy Group categories are useful for assessing the risk of CHD and death in NIDDM patients. The study underscores the need for effective control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and triglycerides to reduce the risk of MI and mortality in NIDDM patients.The Diabetes Intervention Study (DIS) is a prospective, population-based, multicenter trial of newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This study analyzed risk factors for coronary heart disease and all-cause death over an 11-year follow-up period. The study included 1139 subjects aged 30–55 years with newly diagnosed NIDDM, classified as diet-controlled after a 6-week screening phase. During the follow-up, 112 patients (15.2%) suffered from myocardial infarction (MI), and 197 (19.82%) died. The odds ratio for all-cause mortality compared to the general population was 5.1 for males aged 36–45 years and 7.0 for females. Multivariate analysis identified age, blood pressure, and smoking as independent risk factors for MI, while male sex, age, blood pressure, triglycerides, postprandial blood glucose, and smoking were significant predictors of death. The categories of the NIDDM Policy Group for blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure were significant predictors of both CHD and death. Good control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and triglycerides was associated with a lower incidence of CHD and mortality. The study also evaluated the prognostic significance of the NIDDM Policy Group categories. The incidence of MI and mortality was higher in poorly controlled patients. Postprandial blood glucose and blood pressure were significant predictors of MI and death. Triglyceride levels were an independent risk factor for MI. The study found that poor glycaemic control and postprandial hyperglycaemia were independent risk factors for death. The results suggest that the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia, contributes significantly to the risk of MI and death in NIDDM patients. The study also highlights the importance of strict postprandial blood glucose control. The findings indicate that the NIDDM Policy Group categories are useful for assessing the risk of CHD and death in NIDDM patients. The study underscores the need for effective control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and triglycerides to reduce the risk of MI and mortality in NIDDM patients.