This study presents a novel drug delivery system, Cur-MPN@YM, designed to alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) by modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Curcumin (Cur), encapsulated into a metal polyphenol network (MPN) formed by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Fe³⁺, was loaded into yeast microcapsules (YM) to create CM@YM. CM@YM effectively scavenaged reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulated macrophage polarization to M1, thereby restoring barrier function and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In vivo studies in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model demonstrated that CM@YM significantly alleviated colitis, improved gut microbiota diversity, and increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) content. The system's biocompatibility and targeted delivery to the inflamed colon were also evaluated, showing excellent safety and retention capabilities. This study highlights the potential of CM@YM as a promising therapeutic approach for UC by synergistically regulating the intestinal microenvironment.This study presents a novel drug delivery system, Cur-MPN@YM, designed to alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) by modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Curcumin (Cur), encapsulated into a metal polyphenol network (MPN) formed by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Fe³⁺, was loaded into yeast microcapsules (YM) to create CM@YM. CM@YM effectively scavenaged reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulated macrophage polarization to M1, thereby restoring barrier function and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In vivo studies in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model demonstrated that CM@YM significantly alleviated colitis, improved gut microbiota diversity, and increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) content. The system's biocompatibility and targeted delivery to the inflamed colon were also evaluated, showing excellent safety and retention capabilities. This study highlights the potential of CM@YM as a promising therapeutic approach for UC by synergistically regulating the intestinal microenvironment.