Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in plant growth regulation and abiotic stress tolerance. These fungi enhance plant growth by improving nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, and by increasing water absorption. AMF also help plants withstand various stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metals by improving nutrient availability, enhancing antioxidant systems, and modulating plant physiological responses. AMF are natural root symbionts that provide essential inorganic nutrients to host plants, thereby improving growth and yield under both stress and non-stress conditions. They are considered effective bio-fertilizers that can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and promote sustainable agriculture. AMF improve soil structure, enhance nutrient cycling, and contribute to plant health by increasing the availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and micronutrients. Additionally, AMF can enhance the quality of crops by improving the production of secondary metabolites and other beneficial compounds. The symbiotic relationship between AMF and plants also helps in the regulation of plant growth and development, and in improving plant resistance to various environmental stresses. Research indicates that AMF can significantly enhance plant productivity and help in the mitigation of abiotic stresses, making them a valuable tool in sustainable agriculture.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in plant growth regulation and abiotic stress tolerance. These fungi enhance plant growth by improving nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, and by increasing water absorption. AMF also help plants withstand various stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metals by improving nutrient availability, enhancing antioxidant systems, and modulating plant physiological responses. AMF are natural root symbionts that provide essential inorganic nutrients to host plants, thereby improving growth and yield under both stress and non-stress conditions. They are considered effective bio-fertilizers that can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and promote sustainable agriculture. AMF improve soil structure, enhance nutrient cycling, and contribute to plant health by increasing the availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and micronutrients. Additionally, AMF can enhance the quality of crops by improving the production of secondary metabolites and other beneficial compounds. The symbiotic relationship between AMF and plants also helps in the regulation of plant growth and development, and in improving plant resistance to various environmental stresses. Research indicates that AMF can significantly enhance plant productivity and help in the mitigation of abiotic stresses, making them a valuable tool in sustainable agriculture.