This study screened 13 Brazilian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts. Ten plant extracts showed varying levels of antibacterial activity, with Piper regnellii exhibiting good activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and weak activity against Escherichia coli. Punica granatum and Eugenia uniflora also demonstrated significant antibacterial effects. Five plant extracts contained compounds with Rf values similar to those visible on bioautograms, suggesting that the same compounds are responsible for the antibacterial activity in these plants. Additionally, nine plant extracts displayed anticandidal activity. The results support the ethnobotanical use of these plants in treating various infectious diseases. The study highlights the potential of these plants for further pharmacological investigation and their conservation value.This study screened 13 Brazilian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts. Ten plant extracts showed varying levels of antibacterial activity, with Piper regnellii exhibiting good activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and weak activity against Escherichia coli. Punica granatum and Eugenia uniflora also demonstrated significant antibacterial effects. Five plant extracts contained compounds with Rf values similar to those visible on bioautograms, suggesting that the same compounds are responsible for the antibacterial activity in these plants. Additionally, nine plant extracts displayed anticandidal activity. The results support the ethnobotanical use of these plants in treating various infectious diseases. The study highlights the potential of these plants for further pharmacological investigation and their conservation value.