The article provides a comprehensive review of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), highlighting their structural design, synthesis methods, and applications in energy and environmental fields. HOFs are emerging porous materials characterized by high structural flexibility, mild synthetic conditions, good solution processability, easy healing and regeneration, and recyclability. However, their frameworks are unstable due to the weak and reversible hydrogen bonds that connect them. The review discusses the development history and synthesis methods of HOFs, categorizing their structural design concepts and strategies to enhance stability. It also explores the latest advances in energy storage and conversion, energy substance generation and isolation, environmental detection and isolation, degradation and transformation, and biological applications. The article emphasizes the importance of HOFs in addressing energy and environmental issues and presents a discussion on the coupling orientation of HOFs in cross-cutting fields. Finally, it addresses current challenges, opportunities, and strategies for advancing the development of HOFs to enhance their energy and environmental applications.The article provides a comprehensive review of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), highlighting their structural design, synthesis methods, and applications in energy and environmental fields. HOFs are emerging porous materials characterized by high structural flexibility, mild synthetic conditions, good solution processability, easy healing and regeneration, and recyclability. However, their frameworks are unstable due to the weak and reversible hydrogen bonds that connect them. The review discusses the development history and synthesis methods of HOFs, categorizing their structural design concepts and strategies to enhance stability. It also explores the latest advances in energy storage and conversion, energy substance generation and isolation, environmental detection and isolation, degradation and transformation, and biological applications. The article emphasizes the importance of HOFs in addressing energy and environmental issues and presents a discussion on the coupling orientation of HOFs in cross-cutting fields. Finally, it addresses current challenges, opportunities, and strategies for advancing the development of HOFs to enhance their energy and environmental applications.