A systematic review of psychosocial factors at work and in private life as risk factors for back pain was conducted by Hoogendoorn, van Poppel-Bruinvels, Bongers, Koes, and Bouter. The study included 11 cohort and 2 case-control studies. Strong evidence was found for low social support in the workplace and low job satisfaction as risk factors for back pain. However, the results for workplace social support were sensitive to slight changes in the rating system, and the effect for low job satisfaction may be due to insufficient adjustment for psychosocial work characteristics and physical load. Insufficient evidence was found for high work pace, high qualitative demands, low job content, low job control, and psychosocial factors in private life. The combined evaluation of job content and job control, both aspects of decision latitude, led to strong evidence for low job decision latitude as a risk factor for back pain. The study concluded that there is evidence for the effect of work-related psychosocial factors, but the evidence for the role of specific factors has not been established. The review emphasized the importance of considering psychosocial factors in addition to physical factors when assessing back pain risk. The study also highlighted the need for further research to better understand the associations between psychosocial factors and back pain, and to account for potential confounding variables such as physical load at work. The findings suggest that psychosocial factors at work, such as low social support and low job satisfaction, may contribute to the development of back pain. However, the evidence for specific factors remains inconclusive. The study underscores the importance of a systematic approach in evaluating the evidence for psychosocial factors as risk factors for back pain.A systematic review of psychosocial factors at work and in private life as risk factors for back pain was conducted by Hoogendoorn, van Poppel-Bruinvels, Bongers, Koes, and Bouter. The study included 11 cohort and 2 case-control studies. Strong evidence was found for low social support in the workplace and low job satisfaction as risk factors for back pain. However, the results for workplace social support were sensitive to slight changes in the rating system, and the effect for low job satisfaction may be due to insufficient adjustment for psychosocial work characteristics and physical load. Insufficient evidence was found for high work pace, high qualitative demands, low job content, low job control, and psychosocial factors in private life. The combined evaluation of job content and job control, both aspects of decision latitude, led to strong evidence for low job decision latitude as a risk factor for back pain. The study concluded that there is evidence for the effect of work-related psychosocial factors, but the evidence for the role of specific factors has not been established. The review emphasized the importance of considering psychosocial factors in addition to physical factors when assessing back pain risk. The study also highlighted the need for further research to better understand the associations between psychosocial factors and back pain, and to account for potential confounding variables such as physical load at work. The findings suggest that psychosocial factors at work, such as low social support and low job satisfaction, may contribute to the development of back pain. However, the evidence for specific factors remains inconclusive. The study underscores the importance of a systematic approach in evaluating the evidence for psychosocial factors as risk factors for back pain.