This review paper explores the critical role of Human Resources (HR) in driving environmental sustainability initiatives within the oil and gas sector. Recognizing the significant environmental impacts of this industry, the paper emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices and highlights HR's unique position to lead these efforts. The methodology involves a systematic review of academic and industry sources to identify effective HR strategies and practices that support environmental sustainability. The literature review delves into theoretical frameworks, analyzes current sustainability practices, and evaluates the impact of HR practices on environmental outcomes. The paper discusses strategic HR interventions in recruitment, training, leadership, and organizational culture that align with sustainability goals. It also addresses challenges such as resistance to change and regulatory hurdles. Through case studies and best practices, the paper showcases successful examples of HR-led sustainability initiatives and offers recommendations for policy and practice to enhance the effectiveness of HR in promoting environmental sustainability within the oil and gas sector. The conclusion synthesizes major findings, highlighting the strategic importance of HR in fostering environmental sustainability for organizational success and resilience.This review paper explores the critical role of Human Resources (HR) in driving environmental sustainability initiatives within the oil and gas sector. Recognizing the significant environmental impacts of this industry, the paper emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices and highlights HR's unique position to lead these efforts. The methodology involves a systematic review of academic and industry sources to identify effective HR strategies and practices that support environmental sustainability. The literature review delves into theoretical frameworks, analyzes current sustainability practices, and evaluates the impact of HR practices on environmental outcomes. The paper discusses strategic HR interventions in recruitment, training, leadership, and organizational culture that align with sustainability goals. It also addresses challenges such as resistance to change and regulatory hurdles. Through case studies and best practices, the paper showcases successful examples of HR-led sustainability initiatives and offers recommendations for policy and practice to enhance the effectiveness of HR in promoting environmental sustainability within the oil and gas sector. The conclusion synthesizes major findings, highlighting the strategic importance of HR in fostering environmental sustainability for organizational success and resilience.