This article reviews the advancements in titanium surface modification techniques for dental implants, focusing on their impact on osteoblast activity and bone formation. The review covers both conventional and novel techniques, including sandblasting, acid etching, sandblasted large-grit acid-etching (SLA), anodization, laser radiation, and coating with hydroxyapatite (HA) or chitosan. These modifications aim to enhance the hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, osseointegration performance, and antibacterial properties of dental implants. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques. Key findings include the importance of surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and condition for osteoblast adhesion and growth. While various techniques improve osseointegration, sandblasting and acid etching combined with HA coating are highlighted as effective methods. The review also emphasizes the need for more comprehensive studies comparing different modification techniques and further investigation into factors influencing osseointegration.This article reviews the advancements in titanium surface modification techniques for dental implants, focusing on their impact on osteoblast activity and bone formation. The review covers both conventional and novel techniques, including sandblasting, acid etching, sandblasted large-grit acid-etching (SLA), anodization, laser radiation, and coating with hydroxyapatite (HA) or chitosan. These modifications aim to enhance the hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, osseointegration performance, and antibacterial properties of dental implants. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques. Key findings include the importance of surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and condition for osteoblast adhesion and growth. While various techniques improve osseointegration, sandblasting and acid etching combined with HA coating are highlighted as effective methods. The review also emphasizes the need for more comprehensive studies comparing different modification techniques and further investigation into factors influencing osseointegration.