This review focuses on the molecular response of tomato plants to heat stress during the reproductive stage, emphasizing the genes involved in this complex mechanism. High temperatures negatively impact both vegetative growth and reproductive processes, leading to yield and fruit quality losses. The study highlights the role of transcriptional factors, heat shock proteins (Hsps), genes related to flower, pollen, and fruit set, and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification. Key genes include Heat Shock Factors (HsfA1a, HsfA2, HsfA3, HsfA4, HsfA5, HsfA7, HsfA8, HsfA9, HsfA10, HsfA11), Hsps (Hsp100, Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, sHsps), and genes involved in flower and fruit development, such as SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), SELF PRUNING (SP), FALSIFLORA (FA), ANANTHA (AN), COMPOUND INFLORESCENCE (S), JOINTLESS (J), MACROCALYX (MC), JOINTLESS-2 (J-2), FRUITFULL1 (FUL1), FRUITFULL2 (FUL2), MADS-BOX PROTEIN 20 (MBP20). The review also discusses the involvement of hormones like auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene in regulating heat stress responses. Additionally, it explores the impact of heat stress on stigma exertion, pollen germination, and fruit set, providing a comprehensive list of candidate genes that could be used to develop thermotolerant tomato plant genotypes.This review focuses on the molecular response of tomato plants to heat stress during the reproductive stage, emphasizing the genes involved in this complex mechanism. High temperatures negatively impact both vegetative growth and reproductive processes, leading to yield and fruit quality losses. The study highlights the role of transcriptional factors, heat shock proteins (Hsps), genes related to flower, pollen, and fruit set, and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification. Key genes include Heat Shock Factors (HsfA1a, HsfA2, HsfA3, HsfA4, HsfA5, HsfA7, HsfA8, HsfA9, HsfA10, HsfA11), Hsps (Hsp100, Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, sHsps), and genes involved in flower and fruit development, such as SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), SELF PRUNING (SP), FALSIFLORA (FA), ANANTHA (AN), COMPOUND INFLORESCENCE (S), JOINTLESS (J), MACROCALYX (MC), JOINTLESS-2 (J-2), FRUITFULL1 (FUL1), FRUITFULL2 (FUL2), MADS-BOX PROTEIN 20 (MBP20). The review also discusses the involvement of hormones like auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene in regulating heat stress responses. Additionally, it explores the impact of heat stress on stigma exertion, pollen germination, and fruit set, providing a comprehensive list of candidate genes that could be used to develop thermotolerant tomato plant genotypes.