This paper presents a novel single-pixel graphene metasurface designed for ultra-wideband terahertz (THz) fingerprint sensing and inversion. The metasurface, based on synchronous voltage tuning, enables ultra-wideband fingerprint enhancement sensing of trace analytes, including chiral optical isomers, with a limit of detection (LoD) of ≤ 0.64 μg/mm². The enhancement of the fingerprint signal is attributed to the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect, which is excited by the metasurface and results in a signal amplification of up to 17.4 dB. To address the issue of absorption envelope distortion caused by the nonlinear enhancement mechanism in graphene tuning, a universal fingerprint spectrum inversion model is developed, achieving an ideal restoration of standard fingerprint lineshapes with R_max^2 ≥ 0.99. Additionally, the asynchronous voltage tuning scheme allows for dynamic reconfiguration of EIT resonance and slow light modulation in the broadband range. The proposed metasurface has potential applications in active spatial light modulators, slow light devices, and dynamic imaging equipment. The design and fabrication process, as well as the experimental results, are detailed, demonstrating the metasurface's robustness and high sensitivity in THz fingerprint sensing.This paper presents a novel single-pixel graphene metasurface designed for ultra-wideband terahertz (THz) fingerprint sensing and inversion. The metasurface, based on synchronous voltage tuning, enables ultra-wideband fingerprint enhancement sensing of trace analytes, including chiral optical isomers, with a limit of detection (LoD) of ≤ 0.64 μg/mm². The enhancement of the fingerprint signal is attributed to the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect, which is excited by the metasurface and results in a signal amplification of up to 17.4 dB. To address the issue of absorption envelope distortion caused by the nonlinear enhancement mechanism in graphene tuning, a universal fingerprint spectrum inversion model is developed, achieving an ideal restoration of standard fingerprint lineshapes with R_max^2 ≥ 0.99. Additionally, the asynchronous voltage tuning scheme allows for dynamic reconfiguration of EIT resonance and slow light modulation in the broadband range. The proposed metasurface has potential applications in active spatial light modulators, slow light devices, and dynamic imaging equipment. The design and fabrication process, as well as the experimental results, are detailed, demonstrating the metasurface's robustness and high sensitivity in THz fingerprint sensing.