This article examines the issue of vaccine hesitancy and its impact on vaccination initiatives in Indonesia, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite progress in increasing vaccine coverage, equitable access remains challenging, especially in remote areas. The article analyzes previous outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and their underlying causes, using the vaccine hesitancy framework. Key findings highlight that vaccine hesitancy is influenced by factors such as misinformation, cultural beliefs, and past negative experiences with vaccines. These factors can lead to low vaccination coverage and hinder the eradication of diseases. The article emphasizes the need for public health campaigns and community engagement to promote vaccine acceptance and trust in healthcare systems. It also suggests that strategies should be tailored to specific cultural and societal contexts and should be monitored and evaluated. The article concludes by discussing the interrelation between vaccine hesitancy and vaccine inequity, and the challenges in reducing vaccine hesitancy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Strategies to address vaccine hesitancy in Indonesia include enhancing public awareness, ensuring equitable vaccine distribution, and collaborating with community leaders and influencers.This article examines the issue of vaccine hesitancy and its impact on vaccination initiatives in Indonesia, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite progress in increasing vaccine coverage, equitable access remains challenging, especially in remote areas. The article analyzes previous outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and their underlying causes, using the vaccine hesitancy framework. Key findings highlight that vaccine hesitancy is influenced by factors such as misinformation, cultural beliefs, and past negative experiences with vaccines. These factors can lead to low vaccination coverage and hinder the eradication of diseases. The article emphasizes the need for public health campaigns and community engagement to promote vaccine acceptance and trust in healthcare systems. It also suggests that strategies should be tailored to specific cultural and societal contexts and should be monitored and evaluated. The article concludes by discussing the interrelation between vaccine hesitancy and vaccine inequity, and the challenges in reducing vaccine hesitancy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Strategies to address vaccine hesitancy in Indonesia include enhancing public awareness, ensuring equitable vaccine distribution, and collaborating with community leaders and influencers.