Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into higher education, with tools like ChatGPT being used by students for academic support. While AI may enhance academic performance, this study highlights its potential negative effects on student well-being, social support, and retention. Using structural equation modelling, the research found that AI chatbots, while associated with academic performance, have a net negative impact on social support, psychological wellbeing, and a sense of belonging when compared to human interactions. The study suggests that relying on AI for support may reduce students' social connections and increase loneliness, potentially leading to lower retention rates. AI chatbots designed for academic purposes, such as ChatGPT, may replace human interactions, which could have long-term consequences for student success and social development. The study also notes that while AI can provide some support, it may not fully replace the benefits of human interaction, particularly in fostering a sense of belonging and psychological wellbeing. The findings emphasize the need for further research into the role of AI in higher education, particularly in balancing its benefits with potential drawbacks. The study calls for a critical examination of AI's impact on student success, social connections, and mental health, advocating for policies that promote human interaction and social support in educational settings.Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into higher education, with tools like ChatGPT being used by students for academic support. While AI may enhance academic performance, this study highlights its potential negative effects on student well-being, social support, and retention. Using structural equation modelling, the research found that AI chatbots, while associated with academic performance, have a net negative impact on social support, psychological wellbeing, and a sense of belonging when compared to human interactions. The study suggests that relying on AI for support may reduce students' social connections and increase loneliness, potentially leading to lower retention rates. AI chatbots designed for academic purposes, such as ChatGPT, may replace human interactions, which could have long-term consequences for student success and social development. The study also notes that while AI can provide some support, it may not fully replace the benefits of human interaction, particularly in fostering a sense of belonging and psychological wellbeing. The findings emphasize the need for further research into the role of AI in higher education, particularly in balancing its benefits with potential drawbacks. The study calls for a critical examination of AI's impact on student success, social connections, and mental health, advocating for policies that promote human interaction and social support in educational settings.