This study investigates the impact of Zea mays L. cultivation, biochar application, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil lead (Pb) immobilization. The results show that biochar addition significantly reduced AMF colonization by 42.00%. Plant cultivation, AMF inoculation, and biochar addition all enhanced Pb immobilization, as evidenced by decreased levels of extractable Pb in the soil. Biochar altered the distribution of Pb fractions, transforming the acid-soluble form into more inert forms. Additionally, these treatments promoted maize growth parameters, including height, stem diameter, shoot and root biomass, and phosphorus uptake, while reducing shoot Pb concentration. The findings suggest a synergistic effect in Pb phytostabilization, making maize cultivation with biochar and AMF a recommended strategy for Pb phytoremediation.This study investigates the impact of Zea mays L. cultivation, biochar application, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil lead (Pb) immobilization. The results show that biochar addition significantly reduced AMF colonization by 42.00%. Plant cultivation, AMF inoculation, and biochar addition all enhanced Pb immobilization, as evidenced by decreased levels of extractable Pb in the soil. Biochar altered the distribution of Pb fractions, transforming the acid-soluble form into more inert forms. Additionally, these treatments promoted maize growth parameters, including height, stem diameter, shoot and root biomass, and phosphorus uptake, while reducing shoot Pb concentration. The findings suggest a synergistic effect in Pb phytostabilization, making maize cultivation with biochar and AMF a recommended strategy for Pb phytoremediation.