Two studies presented at a workshop in Panjim, Goa, call for inclusive urban development to protect young children, caregivers, and pregnant women in India. These are the first of their kind in the country, highlighting the need for policies that address the unique needs of these vulnerable groups amid climate change and urbanization. The studies, conducted between 2022 and 2023, focus on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on young children (0-5 years) and their caregivers, as well as the use of public spaces by young children, caregivers, and pregnant women. The first study, led by ICLEI South Asia and other institutions, examines the effects of urban heat islands and air pollution on early childhood development (ECD) sites. The second study, conducted in 18 Indian cities, uses household surveys to assess how public spaces are used by young children and their caregivers. Both studies emphasize the need for child-friendly, accessible, and safe urban environments. The findings suggest that current urban planning often overlooks the needs of these groups, leading to inadequate protection from environmental hazards. The studies propose actionable strategies such as enhancing urban greenery, improving non-motorized transport to ECD sites, and integrating climate awareness in education. A 'Master checklist for Policymakers' is provided to guide effective climate action for young children and caregivers. The workshop brought together stakeholders to discuss the importance of embedding child and caregiver perspectives in urban planning. The studies highlight the urgent need for inclusive, equitable, and science-based policies to ensure the well-being of young children in urban areas.Two studies presented at a workshop in Panjim, Goa, call for inclusive urban development to protect young children, caregivers, and pregnant women in India. These are the first of their kind in the country, highlighting the need for policies that address the unique needs of these vulnerable groups amid climate change and urbanization. The studies, conducted between 2022 and 2023, focus on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on young children (0-5 years) and their caregivers, as well as the use of public spaces by young children, caregivers, and pregnant women. The first study, led by ICLEI South Asia and other institutions, examines the effects of urban heat islands and air pollution on early childhood development (ECD) sites. The second study, conducted in 18 Indian cities, uses household surveys to assess how public spaces are used by young children and their caregivers. Both studies emphasize the need for child-friendly, accessible, and safe urban environments. The findings suggest that current urban planning often overlooks the needs of these groups, leading to inadequate protection from environmental hazards. The studies propose actionable strategies such as enhancing urban greenery, improving non-motorized transport to ECD sites, and integrating climate awareness in education. A 'Master checklist for Policymakers' is provided to guide effective climate action for young children and caregivers. The workshop brought together stakeholders to discuss the importance of embedding child and caregiver perspectives in urban planning. The studies highlight the urgent need for inclusive, equitable, and science-based policies to ensure the well-being of young children in urban areas.