Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common, chronic, progressive disease affecting the macula in older individuals, leading to central vision loss. It is characterized by the presence of drusen in the macula, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), or geographic atrophy. AMD is classified into dry and wet types, with dry AMD being more common but wet AMD causing severe vision loss. Dry AMD involves drusen, which are lipid and amyloid deposits, while wet AMD involves CNV, which can lead to fibrovascular or atrophic scars and permanent vision loss. Risk factors include age, genetics, smoking, and environmental factors. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and ancillary tests like fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. OCT is useful for monitoring AMD progression and identifying wet AMD features. Fundus autofluorescence helps detect geographic atrophy by showing low fluorescence signals. Fluorescein angiography identifies CNV, categorizing it as classic or occult. Indocyanine green angiography is valuable for diagnosing and guiding treatment in AMD, especially for occult CNV. The study highlights the importance of early detection and management of AMD to prevent severe vision loss.Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common, chronic, progressive disease affecting the macula in older individuals, leading to central vision loss. It is characterized by the presence of drusen in the macula, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), or geographic atrophy. AMD is classified into dry and wet types, with dry AMD being more common but wet AMD causing severe vision loss. Dry AMD involves drusen, which are lipid and amyloid deposits, while wet AMD involves CNV, which can lead to fibrovascular or atrophic scars and permanent vision loss. Risk factors include age, genetics, smoking, and environmental factors. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and ancillary tests like fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. OCT is useful for monitoring AMD progression and identifying wet AMD features. Fundus autofluorescence helps detect geographic atrophy by showing low fluorescence signals. Fluorescein angiography identifies CNV, categorizing it as classic or occult. Indocyanine green angiography is valuable for diagnosing and guiding treatment in AMD, especially for occult CNV. The study highlights the importance of early detection and management of AMD to prevent severe vision loss.