The 2007 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on prostate cancer (PCa) provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and recommendations in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of PCa. The guidelines, updated based on new data from 2004 to 2007, emphasize the importance of systematic prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance for diagnosis. Active treatment is recommended for localized disease with a long life expectancy, with radical prostatectomy being superior to watchful waiting in randomized trials. Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy is the preferred approach for organ-confined disease, while neoadjuvant androgen deprivation does not improve outcomes. Radiation therapy should be at least 72 Gy for low-risk and 78 Gy for intermediate to high-risk PCa. Monotherapeutic androgen deprivation is standard for metastatic PCa, with intermittent androgen deprivation as an alternative for selected patients. Follow-up is primarily based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and disease history, with imaging only indicated when symptoms occur. Cytotoxic therapy with docetaxel is the preferred treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory PCa. The guidelines also address the role of alternative treatments such as cryosurgery and high-intensity focused ultrasound for patients unsuitable for radical prostatectomy. Hormonal therapy, including complete and intermittent androgen blockade, is discussed, along with the timing of its initiation. The guidelines provide detailed recommendations for follow-up after curative and hormonal therapies, as well as treatment options for relapse. Overall, the EAU guidelines aim to integrate recent findings into clinical practice, reflecting the rapidly evolving field of PCa management.The 2007 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on prostate cancer (PCa) provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and recommendations in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of PCa. The guidelines, updated based on new data from 2004 to 2007, emphasize the importance of systematic prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance for diagnosis. Active treatment is recommended for localized disease with a long life expectancy, with radical prostatectomy being superior to watchful waiting in randomized trials. Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy is the preferred approach for organ-confined disease, while neoadjuvant androgen deprivation does not improve outcomes. Radiation therapy should be at least 72 Gy for low-risk and 78 Gy for intermediate to high-risk PCa. Monotherapeutic androgen deprivation is standard for metastatic PCa, with intermittent androgen deprivation as an alternative for selected patients. Follow-up is primarily based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and disease history, with imaging only indicated when symptoms occur. Cytotoxic therapy with docetaxel is the preferred treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory PCa. The guidelines also address the role of alternative treatments such as cryosurgery and high-intensity focused ultrasound for patients unsuitable for radical prostatectomy. Hormonal therapy, including complete and intermittent androgen blockade, is discussed, along with the timing of its initiation. The guidelines provide detailed recommendations for follow-up after curative and hormonal therapies, as well as treatment options for relapse. Overall, the EAU guidelines aim to integrate recent findings into clinical practice, reflecting the rapidly evolving field of PCa management.