The article "Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen" by Professor Dr. Hans Berger, published in 1929, discusses the electrical activity of the human brain. It begins by highlighting the general ability of living cells, both animal and plant, to generate bioelectric currents, which are associated with normal cellular functions. These currents differ from those caused by injuries, such as demarcation, alteration, or longitudinal cut currents. The article notes that bioelectric phenomena in the central nervous system, which is a large aggregation of cells, should be detectable, and this was indeed confirmed early on. Caton (1874) was among the first to observe electrical activity in the brain, noting that these currents increased during waking and decreased upon death. He also observed that eye illumination caused electrical changes in the cerebral cortex. Fleischl von Marxow (1883) was the first to demonstrate that electrical activity in the cerebral cortex could be detected using electrodes placed on the surface of the brain, and that peripheral stimuli, such as eye illumination, could elicit measurable responses. He also noted that chloroform anesthesia suppressed these currents, but they reappeared upon waking. Beck (1890) further demonstrated that a continuous, fluctuating current existed in the cerebral cortex, independent of breathing and heartbeat. This current was suppressed during anesthesia but reappeared upon stimulation of peripheral senses. Beck and Cybulski (1892) confirmed that these currents originated in the cortex itself and were not merely conducted. They also showed that localized stimulation of the cortex caused localized changes in the current, and that stimulation of peripheral nerves led to changes in specific brain regions. The article concludes that these electrical phenomena in the brain cortex are significant for understanding brain function and localization.The article "Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen" by Professor Dr. Hans Berger, published in 1929, discusses the electrical activity of the human brain. It begins by highlighting the general ability of living cells, both animal and plant, to generate bioelectric currents, which are associated with normal cellular functions. These currents differ from those caused by injuries, such as demarcation, alteration, or longitudinal cut currents. The article notes that bioelectric phenomena in the central nervous system, which is a large aggregation of cells, should be detectable, and this was indeed confirmed early on. Caton (1874) was among the first to observe electrical activity in the brain, noting that these currents increased during waking and decreased upon death. He also observed that eye illumination caused electrical changes in the cerebral cortex. Fleischl von Marxow (1883) was the first to demonstrate that electrical activity in the cerebral cortex could be detected using electrodes placed on the surface of the brain, and that peripheral stimuli, such as eye illumination, could elicit measurable responses. He also noted that chloroform anesthesia suppressed these currents, but they reappeared upon waking. Beck (1890) further demonstrated that a continuous, fluctuating current existed in the cerebral cortex, independent of breathing and heartbeat. This current was suppressed during anesthesia but reappeared upon stimulation of peripheral senses. Beck and Cybulski (1892) confirmed that these currents originated in the cortex itself and were not merely conducted. They also showed that localized stimulation of the cortex caused localized changes in the current, and that stimulation of peripheral nerves led to changes in specific brain regions. The article concludes that these electrical phenomena in the brain cortex are significant for understanding brain function and localization.