The article discusses the progress and challenges of using g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction in the context of carbon neutrality. Global warming, driven by greenhouse gases like CO2, has become a major challenge, prompting the need for carbon neutrality to mitigate its effects. CO2 reduction and conversion are key to achieving carbon neutrality, with photocatalytic methods being a promising approach. g-C3N4, a cost-effective and stable photocatalyst, has shown excellent performance in CO2 reduction due to its suitable energy band position and visible light responsiveness. However, its low efficiency in utilizing sunlight and rapid electron-hole recombination limit its practical application. To enhance performance, strategies such as heterostructure building, elemental doping, and noble metal deposition have been explored. The review highlights the importance of g-C3N4 in CO2 reduction for carbon neutrality and discusses current methods to overcome its limitations. It also identifies potential future challenges and suggests research directions for improving the efficiency of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. The goal is to provide theoretical support for practical applications of g-C3N4 in CO2 reduction under carbon-neutral conditions and to guide the design of more efficient photocatalysts. Carbon neutrality is crucial for global ecological balance and environmental sustainability, with targets set by the Paris Agreement and IPCC. Achieving carbon neutrality requires reducing emissions, peaking emissions early, and achieving net-zero emissions by the second half of the century. The review emphasizes the need for innovative technologies like photocatalytic CO2 reduction to meet these goals.The article discusses the progress and challenges of using g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction in the context of carbon neutrality. Global warming, driven by greenhouse gases like CO2, has become a major challenge, prompting the need for carbon neutrality to mitigate its effects. CO2 reduction and conversion are key to achieving carbon neutrality, with photocatalytic methods being a promising approach. g-C3N4, a cost-effective and stable photocatalyst, has shown excellent performance in CO2 reduction due to its suitable energy band position and visible light responsiveness. However, its low efficiency in utilizing sunlight and rapid electron-hole recombination limit its practical application. To enhance performance, strategies such as heterostructure building, elemental doping, and noble metal deposition have been explored. The review highlights the importance of g-C3N4 in CO2 reduction for carbon neutrality and discusses current methods to overcome its limitations. It also identifies potential future challenges and suggests research directions for improving the efficiency of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. The goal is to provide theoretical support for practical applications of g-C3N4 in CO2 reduction under carbon-neutral conditions and to guide the design of more efficient photocatalysts. Carbon neutrality is crucial for global ecological balance and environmental sustainability, with targets set by the Paris Agreement and IPCC. Achieving carbon neutrality requires reducing emissions, peaking emissions early, and achieving net-zero emissions by the second half of the century. The review emphasizes the need for innovative technologies like photocatalytic CO2 reduction to meet these goals.