A revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan was compiled by researchers, revealing 451 endemic taxa, representing 7.97% of the country's total vascular plant diversity. These taxa belong to 139 genera and 34 families, predominantly found in southern regions, especially in the mountain ranges of the Kazakh part of the Tian Shan. Notably, 107 of these species are legally protected. The study provides detailed information on life forms, life cycles, conservation status, and geographical distribution for each endemic taxon. Herbs are the most common life form, followed by dwarf semishrubs, shrubs, subshrubs, undershrubs, and trees. The life cycles include perennials, annuals, and biennials. The research serves as a foundation for future studies on plant endemism in Kazakhstan, crucial for conservation efforts. The study highlights the importance of biodiversity hotspots in Central Asia and the need for continued taxonomic and floristic research to update the checklist. The findings emphasize the significance of mountainous areas in the distribution of endemic plants, particularly in the southern and southeastern parts of Kazakhstan. The study also addresses the need for accurate identification and classification of endemic species, as some were previously misclassified or incorrectly attributed to other countries. The research underscores the importance of conservation efforts for these vulnerable species and the necessity of ongoing scientific investigation to refine the understanding of Kazakhstan's endemic flora.A revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan was compiled by researchers, revealing 451 endemic taxa, representing 7.97% of the country's total vascular plant diversity. These taxa belong to 139 genera and 34 families, predominantly found in southern regions, especially in the mountain ranges of the Kazakh part of the Tian Shan. Notably, 107 of these species are legally protected. The study provides detailed information on life forms, life cycles, conservation status, and geographical distribution for each endemic taxon. Herbs are the most common life form, followed by dwarf semishrubs, shrubs, subshrubs, undershrubs, and trees. The life cycles include perennials, annuals, and biennials. The research serves as a foundation for future studies on plant endemism in Kazakhstan, crucial for conservation efforts. The study highlights the importance of biodiversity hotspots in Central Asia and the need for continued taxonomic and floristic research to update the checklist. The findings emphasize the significance of mountainous areas in the distribution of endemic plants, particularly in the southern and southeastern parts of Kazakhstan. The study also addresses the need for accurate identification and classification of endemic species, as some were previously misclassified or incorrectly attributed to other countries. The research underscores the importance of conservation efforts for these vulnerable species and the necessity of ongoing scientific investigation to refine the understanding of Kazakhstan's endemic flora.