The 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias provide a comprehensive overview of the management of dyslipidaemias, developed by a task force from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). The guidelines aim to assist healthcare professionals in selecting the best management strategies for patients with dyslipidaemias, considering both the impact on outcomes and the risk-benefit ratio of specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Key aspects covered in the guidelines include: - **Cardiovascular Disease Prevention**: Emphasizes the importance of preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) through lifestyle changes and risk factor management. - **Total Cardiovascular Risk Estimation**: Provides methods for assessing the 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD events using systems like SCORE, ASSIGN, and Q-Risk. - **Evaluation of Lipid and Apolipoprotein Parameters**: Discusses the importance of fasting or non-fasting lipid profiles, intra-individual variation, and specific analyses of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a). - **Treatment Targets**: Outlines the goals for lipid management, including lowering total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. - **Lifestyle Modifications**: Highlights the role of diet, physical activity, body weight, and smoking cessation in improving lipid profiles. - **Drugs for Treatment**: Details the use of statins, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, nicotinic acid, and drug combinations. - **Management in Different Clinical Settings**: Provides specific recommendations for managing dyslipidaemias in patients with familial dyslipidaemias, children, women, older persons, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, valvular diseases, chronic kidney disease, transplantation, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, human immunodeficiency virus, and mental disorders. - **Monitoring and Adherence**: Offers strategies for monitoring lipid and enzyme levels in patients on lipid-lowering therapy and improving adherence to medications. The guidelines emphasize the importance of individualized risk assessment and tailored interventions, while also recognizing the need for healthcare professionals to make decisions based on clinical judgment and patient-specific factors. The guidelines are intended for personal and educational use by healthcare professionals and are not to be translated or reproduced without written permission from the ESC.The 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias provide a comprehensive overview of the management of dyslipidaemias, developed by a task force from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). The guidelines aim to assist healthcare professionals in selecting the best management strategies for patients with dyslipidaemias, considering both the impact on outcomes and the risk-benefit ratio of specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Key aspects covered in the guidelines include: - **Cardiovascular Disease Prevention**: Emphasizes the importance of preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) through lifestyle changes and risk factor management. - **Total Cardiovascular Risk Estimation**: Provides methods for assessing the 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD events using systems like SCORE, ASSIGN, and Q-Risk. - **Evaluation of Lipid and Apolipoprotein Parameters**: Discusses the importance of fasting or non-fasting lipid profiles, intra-individual variation, and specific analyses of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a). - **Treatment Targets**: Outlines the goals for lipid management, including lowering total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. - **Lifestyle Modifications**: Highlights the role of diet, physical activity, body weight, and smoking cessation in improving lipid profiles. - **Drugs for Treatment**: Details the use of statins, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, nicotinic acid, and drug combinations. - **Management in Different Clinical Settings**: Provides specific recommendations for managing dyslipidaemias in patients with familial dyslipidaemias, children, women, older persons, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, valvular diseases, chronic kidney disease, transplantation, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, human immunodeficiency virus, and mental disorders. - **Monitoring and Adherence**: Offers strategies for monitoring lipid and enzyme levels in patients on lipid-lowering therapy and improving adherence to medications. The guidelines emphasize the importance of individualized risk assessment and tailored interventions, while also recognizing the need for healthcare professionals to make decisions based on clinical judgment and patient-specific factors. The guidelines are intended for personal and educational use by healthcare professionals and are not to be translated or reproduced without written permission from the ESC.