The 2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) integrates the previous recommendations for ankylosing spondylitis and the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) into a single set applicable to all patients with axSpA. The update was based on two systematic literature reviews collecting evidence from studies published since 2009, followed by discussions and voting among a task force. The recommendations cover five overarching principles and 13 specific recommendations, focusing on personalized medicine, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Key points include the importance of shared decision-making, the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as first-line treatment, and the use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) such as TNFi and IL-17 inhibitors for patients with high disease activity. The recommendations aim to provide up-to-date guidance on the management of axSpA, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary approaches and considering individual patient characteristics and costs.The 2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) integrates the previous recommendations for ankylosing spondylitis and the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) into a single set applicable to all patients with axSpA. The update was based on two systematic literature reviews collecting evidence from studies published since 2009, followed by discussions and voting among a task force. The recommendations cover five overarching principles and 13 specific recommendations, focusing on personalized medicine, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Key points include the importance of shared decision-making, the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as first-line treatment, and the use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) such as TNFi and IL-17 inhibitors for patients with high disease activity. The recommendations aim to provide up-to-date guidance on the management of axSpA, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary approaches and considering individual patient characteristics and costs.