The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice, developed by a Task Force with representatives from the ESC and 12 medical societies, provide comprehensive guidance on preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The guidelines cover risk factor assessment, risk estimation, and risk communication, emphasizing the importance of a healthy lifestyle and effective risk factor treatments. They address specific populations, such as younger and older individuals, and those with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other comorbidities. The guidelines also offer recommendations for physical activity, nutrition, alcohol consumption, mental healthcare, smoking cessation, lipid management, blood pressure control, and antithrombotic therapy. Additionally, they highlight the need for an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to ASCVD prevention, including lifestyle modifications, psychosocial factors, and social determinants. The guidelines aim to support healthcare professionals in making informed decisions and improving patient outcomes.The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice, developed by a Task Force with representatives from the ESC and 12 medical societies, provide comprehensive guidance on preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The guidelines cover risk factor assessment, risk estimation, and risk communication, emphasizing the importance of a healthy lifestyle and effective risk factor treatments. They address specific populations, such as younger and older individuals, and those with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other comorbidities. The guidelines also offer recommendations for physical activity, nutrition, alcohol consumption, mental healthcare, smoking cessation, lipid management, blood pressure control, and antithrombotic therapy. Additionally, they highlight the need for an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to ASCVD prevention, including lifestyle modifications, psychosocial factors, and social determinants. The guidelines aim to support healthcare professionals in making informed decisions and improving patient outcomes.