This review article explores the development and applications of 2D multifunctional devices in neuromorphic computing. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the human brain, offers high parallelism and low power consumption, making it a promising approach for future AI. 2D materials, with their unique properties and atomic-level thickness, have emerged as ideal candidates for neuromorphic hardware. The article covers the synthesis and fabrication methods of 2D materials and their heterostructures, detailing various operating principles of 2D neuromorphic devices. It highlights the advancements in two-terminal and three-terminal synaptic devices, including memristors, synaptic transistors, and optoelectronic devices. The review also discusses emerging multifunctional neuromorphic applications, such as visual, auditory, tactile, and nociceptive systems based on 2D devices. Finally, it addresses the challenges and future directions for 2D neuromorphic device development, emphasizing the potential of 2D materials in creating flexible, transparent, and energy-efficient neuromorphic systems.This review article explores the development and applications of 2D multifunctional devices in neuromorphic computing. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the human brain, offers high parallelism and low power consumption, making it a promising approach for future AI. 2D materials, with their unique properties and atomic-level thickness, have emerged as ideal candidates for neuromorphic hardware. The article covers the synthesis and fabrication methods of 2D materials and their heterostructures, detailing various operating principles of 2D neuromorphic devices. It highlights the advancements in two-terminal and three-terminal synaptic devices, including memristors, synaptic transistors, and optoelectronic devices. The review also discusses emerging multifunctional neuromorphic applications, such as visual, auditory, tactile, and nociceptive systems based on 2D devices. Finally, it addresses the challenges and future directions for 2D neuromorphic device development, emphasizing the potential of 2D materials in creating flexible, transparent, and energy-efficient neuromorphic systems.