This systematic literature review examines the application of 3D printing in surgical procedures, focusing on clinical and economic outcomes. The study screened three major databases for case series and trials involving human subjects, resulting in the analysis of 227 surgical papers. The applications of 3D printing include surgical guides, anatomical models, and custom implants, with a focus on orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, cranial surgery, and spinal surgery. Key advantages identified include reduced surgical time, improved medical outcomes, and decreased radiation exposure. However, the increased costs associated with 3D printing are a significant concern, and further research is needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of this technology. The review highlights the growing integration of 3D printing in medical practice, but also underscores the need for more robust evidence to support its clinical benefits.This systematic literature review examines the application of 3D printing in surgical procedures, focusing on clinical and economic outcomes. The study screened three major databases for case series and trials involving human subjects, resulting in the analysis of 227 surgical papers. The applications of 3D printing include surgical guides, anatomical models, and custom implants, with a focus on orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, cranial surgery, and spinal surgery. Key advantages identified include reduced surgical time, improved medical outcomes, and decreased radiation exposure. However, the increased costs associated with 3D printing are a significant concern, and further research is needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of this technology. The review highlights the growing integration of 3D printing in medical practice, but also underscores the need for more robust evidence to support its clinical benefits.